Kabir Agarwal

On 30 June, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the extension of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana (PMGKAY) till the end of November. Under the scheme, 800 million individuals who are beneficiaries under the National Food Security Act (NSFA), and whose names appear on a ration card, are entitled to five kg additional grain (wheat or rice) per month. In addition, one kg of pulses (chana) per month is to be provided to each ration card holding household (about 236 million).

So, if five members of a family are listed on one ration card, the family as a whole will be entitled to 25 kg of grain – five kg for each member – and one kg of pulses every month.

This scheme was first announced by finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman on March 26 for an initial period of three months – April, May and June. The provisions were made in addition to the five kg grain that ration card holders are entitled to under the NFSA.

In addition to the PMGKAY, in May the Centre also announced that under the Atmanirbhar Bharat package, 80 million migrant workers will be provided five kg food grain per person per month and that 19.6 million migrant families will be provided one kg pulses per month for the months of May and June.

Let’s take a look at how the two schemes have performed in the last three months.

As per a June 29 press release of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (MCAFPD), the benefits of the two schemes have not yet reached all the 800 million people they were targeted at.

According to data provided by the ministry, 231 million individuals were yet to receive the five kg of grain they were entitled to in June with just a day to go before June ended.

These delays have been a feature of the PMGKAY in the last three months, as The Wire has reported. In the beginning of May we reported that around 200 million beneficiaries did not get the food grain that was due to them in April well after April had ended. In early June we reported that even after May had ended, 144 million ration card holders had not been provided the food grain that was due to them in May.

So far, a total of 10.19 million metric tonnes, or 85% of the total allocation, of food grain has been distributed to beneficiaries. About 1.75 million metric tonnes is yet to be distributed in the first period of three months of the PMGKAY, as that period comes to an end.

The PMGKAY also includes the distribution of one kg pulses per month to all ration card holding households. The Centre insists that the pulses are to be distributed to 196 million households even though the total number of ration card holding households are 236 million as per the Centre’s National Food Security portal. Several requests for clarification from The Wire in the last three months on this discrepancy have not yielded any response.

But pulses have not even reached all the 196 million households as the Centre had promised. Off the 5.87 lakh metric tonnes of pulses that were to be distributed according to the Centre, 4.4 lakh metric tonnes, or 75%, have been distributed.

Moving to the second scheme under which food was to be provided – the Atmanirbhar package in which 80 million migrant workers (10% of total NFSA beneficiaries) were entitled to five kg food grain and 19.6 million migrant families (10% of the number of families who are to receive pulses under PMGKAY) were entitled to one kg pulses for the months of May and June.

With a day to go before the end of June – when the MCAFPD released data – only about 12% of the food grain that had to be distributed to the 80 million migrant workers had been distributed. The food grains reached only 12 million migrant workers in May and 8.9 million in June.

Off the about 38,000 metric tonnes of pulses to be distributed in May and June, only 4,702 metric tonnes, or 12%, has been distributed.

In his speech, Modi did not mention the extension of these provisions under the Atmanirbhar package and also did not address the delays in reaching beneficiaries. States have put the delay down to a lack of a migrants’ database, which makes identification of beneficiaries under this scheme a challenge.

In a recent interview to The Wire, minister for consumer affairs, food and public distribution Ram Vilas Paswan also hinted at this problem. “The work of identifying those in need and distributing food to them is ongoing in all states,” he said.

(Kabir Agarwal is a reporter at The Wire.)